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| Refining |
Series
of processes to convert crude
oil and its fractions into finished
petroleum products, including
thermal cracking, catalytic
cracking, polymerization, alkylation,
reforming, hydrocracking, hydroforming,
hydrogenation, hydrogen treating.
Hydrofining, solvent extraction,
dewaxing, deoiling, acid treating,
clay filtration and deasphalting. |
| Refining |
A
process of reclaiming used lubricant
oils and restoring them to a
condition similar to that of
virgin stocks by filtration,
clay absorption or more elaborate
methods. |
| Ring
Sticking |
Freezing
of a piston ring in its groove
in a piston engine or reciprocating
compressor due to heavy deposits
in the piston ring zone. |
| Rings |
Circular
metallic elements that ride
in the groves of a piston and
provide compression sealing
during combustion. Also used
to spread oil for lubrication. |
| Rust
preventive |
Compound
for coating metal surfaces with
a film that protects against
rust. Commonly used to preserve
equipment in storage. |
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| Scuffing |
Abnormal
engine wear due to localized
welding and fracture. It can
be prevented through the use
of anti-wear extreme pressure
and friction modifier additives. |
| Shear
Stability Index (SSI) |
The measure of a viscosity
modifier's contribution to
an oil's percentage kinematic
viscosity loss, when the oil
is subjected to engine operation
or special test conditions.
|
| Sludge |
A
thick dark residue, normally
of mayonnaise consistency, that
accumulates on non moving engine
interior surfaces. Generally
removable by wiping unless baked
in a carbonaceous consistency,
its formation is associated
with insolubles overloading
of the lubricant. |
| Solvent
Extraction |
Refining
process used to separate reactive
components (unsaturated hydrocarbons)
from lubricant distillates in
order to improve the oil's oxidation
stability, viscosity index and
additive response. |
| Solvent
Refining |
A
process for extracting lubricant
base stocks from stripped heavy
gas oil or other heavy stripped
crude stream using selective
solvents such as furfural or
phenol. |
| Stoke
(St) |
Kinematic
measurement of a fluid's resistance
to flow defined by the ratio
of the fluid's dynamic viscosity
to its density. |
| Syncrude |
Unconventional
crudes such as those derived
from tar sands oil shale and
coal liquefication. |
| Synlube |
Lubricating
fluids, especially esters or
polyolefins synthesized from
chemical feed stocks rather
than refined from oil. |
| Synthetic
Lubricant |
Lubricating
fluid made by chemically reacting
materials of a specific chemical
composition to produce a compound
with planned and predicTable
properties. |
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