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| Octane
Number |
A
measure of a fuel's ability
to prevent detonation in a spark
ignition engine. Measured in
a standard single cylinder,
variable compression ratio engine
by comparison with primary reference
fuels. Under mild conditions,
the engine measures Research
Octane Number (RON), under severe
conditions Motor Octane Number
(MON). Where the law requires
posting of octane numbers on
dispensing pumps, the Annknock
India (AKI) is used. This is
the arithmetic average of RON
and MON, (R + M ½). It
approximates the Road Octane
Number, which is a measure of
how an "average" car
responds to the fuel. |
| Octane
Requirement (OR) |
The
lowest octane number reference
fuel that will allow an engine
to run knock-free under standard
condition of service OR is a
characteristic of each individual
vehicle. |
| Octane
Requirement Increase (ORI) |
As
deposits accumulate in the combustion
chamber, the ORI of an engine
increases usually reaching an
equilibrium value after 10,000
to 30,000 km, ORI is a measure
of the increase, which may be
in the range of three to ten
numbers. |
| Oxidation |
Occurs
when oxygen attacks petroleum
fluids.The process is accelerated
by heat, light metal catalysts
and the presence of water, acids
or solid contaminants. It leads
to increased viscosity and deposit
formation. |
| Oxidation
Inhibitor |
Substances
added in small quantities to
a petroleum product to increase
its oxidation resistance, thereby
lengthening its service or storage
life, also called anti-oxidant. |
| Oxidation
Stability |
Resistance
of a petroleum product to oxidation
and therefore, a measure of
its potential service or storage
life. |
| Oxygenate |
An oxygen containing ashless
organic compound such as alcohol
or ether, that can be used
as fuel or fuel supplement.
|
| Oxygenated
Fuels |
Fuels
for internal combustion engines
that contain oxygen combined
in the molecule, e.g. alcohols,
ether and esters. Term also
applies to blends of gasoline
with oxygenates, e.g. Gasohol,
which contains 10% by volume
anhydrous ethanol in unleaded
gasoline. |
| Ozone
& CO Nonattainment Areas |
Any
area of the continental U.S.
that does not meet the 1990
Clean Air Act requirements for
carbon monoxide or ground level
ozone pollutants. |
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