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| Demulsibility |
A
measure of a fluid's ability to
separate from water. |
| Denaturants |
Toxic
or noxious components used in
fuel ethanol to make it unfit
for use as a beverage. |
| Density |
Mass
per unit volume. |
| Detergent |
A
substance added to a fuel or lubricant
to keep engine parts clean. In
motor oil formulation, the most
commonly used detergents are metallic
soaps with a reserve of basicity
to neutralize acids formed during
combustion. |
| Detergent
Disperrsant |
An
additive package that combines
a detergent with a dispersant. |
| Detonation |
Uncontrolled
burning of the last portion (end
gas) of the air/fuel mixture to
the cylinder of a spark ignition
engine. Also known as "knock"
or "ping". |
| Dilution
of Engine Oil |
Contamination
of crankcase oil by unburned fuel,
leading |
| Dispersant |
An
additive that helps keep solid
contaminants in a crank case oil
in colloidal suspension preventing
sludge and varnish deposits on
engine parts. Usually non-metallic
("ashless"), and used
in combination with detergents. |
| Distillation |
The
basic test used to characterize
the volatility of a gasoline or
distillate fuel. |
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|
| Elastohydrodynamic
Lubrication (EHD) |
| A
lubricant regime characterized
by high unit loads and |
 |
|
highspeeds in rolling elements
where the mating parts deform
elastically due to the incompressibility
of the lubricant film under
very high pressure. |
|
| Emissions
(Mobile Sources) |
The
combustion of fuel leads to the
emission of exhaust gases that
may be regarded as pollutants.
Water an CO2 are not included
in this category but CO, NO2 and
hydro-carbons are subject to legislative
control. All these are emitted
by gasoline engines, diesel engines
also emit particulates that are
controlled. |
| Emissions
(Stationary Sources) |
Fuel
composition can influence emissions
of sulfur oxides and particulates
from power stations. Local authorities
control the sulfur content of
heavy fuel oils used in such applications. |
| Emulsifier |
Additive
that promotes the formation of
a sTable mixture or emulsion of
oil and water. |
| End
Point |
Highest
vapor temperature recorded during
a distillation test of a petroleum
stock. |
| Engine
Deposits |
Hard
or persistent accumulation of
sludge, varnish and carbonaceous
residues due to blow-by of unburned
and partially burned fuel, or
the partial breakdown of the crank
case lubricant. Water from the
condensation of combustion products
carbon residues from fuel or lubrication
oil additives, dust and metal
particles also contribute. |
| EP
Additive (Extreme Pressure Agent) |
Lubricant
additive that prevents sliding
metal surfaces from serving under
extreme pressure conditions. |
| Exhaust
Gas Recirculation (EGR) |
System
to reduce automotive emission
of nitrogen oxides (Nox). It routes
exhaust gases into the carburetor
or intake manifold where they
dilute the air/fuel mixture and
reduce peak combustion temperatures,
thereby reducing the tendency
for Nox to form. |
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